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Mobilization of bone marrow stem cells with StemEnhance® improves muscle regenerationin cardiotoxin-induced injury.

CONCLUSION
SE offers a different concept of BMDSC mobilization in contrast to compounds such as G-CSF. G-CSF triggers large BMDSC mobilization but due to its potential for serious side effects is limited in use to very short (5-6 days) periods of time. SE on the other hand triggers a mild BMDSC release (25%) that can be consumed ongoing (more than 3 years) with no side effects. This study is a step in showing the significant value of mild mobilization on a more continued basis of BMDSC by SE, in contributing to the regenerative process. Further this concept of mild mobilization is an exciting area for further study as its safety and potential for clinical application is significant.

METHOD
Thirty (30) C57BL/6 (H-2b) 8-10 week-old female mice were lethally irradiated (8.0 Gy total body radiation) before receiving bone marrow transplants from C57BL/6-GFP (H-2b) 8-10 week-old female mice (1 x 107 GFP bone marrow cells through tail vein). After transplantation, animals were randomly separated into two groups of 15 animals caged individually. One group was gavaged with 300 mg/kg of SE dissolved in PBS while the other was gavaged with PBS. At day 16 after transplantation, 3 mice from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed for hematological tests. At day 23, the remaining 12 mice in each of the SE and PBS groups were randomly separated into two sub-groups for the performance of two separate protocols. In one protocol, the same hematological tests were performed with both SE and PBS-treated sub-groups (n=6) at day 30 after transplantation to determine the effect of SE on hematopoiesis.

In the other protocol, mice in both SE and PBS-treated groups (n=6) were injured by injection
of 10 ìm cardiotoxin in 100 ìl PBS directly into the anterior tibia muscles of right leg. At day 59 after transplantation, all mice were sacrificed. Open fluorescence imaging was conducted with the Olympus OV 100 Small Animal Imaging System and the mice were evaluated for incorporation of GFP cells into tissues, including heart muscle, liver, kidneys, intestinal wall, brain, skin and lung. GFP-positive muscle fibers areas were measured with Photoshop 7.0 to evaluated the effect of SE on the recovery of injured muscles.

INTRODUCTION
It was shown that mobilized bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSC) can follow cytokine gradients, especially SDF-1, and migrate into injured tissues, supporting the process of healing and regeneration. Compounds such as G-CSF have been used to trigger BMDSC mobilization, however such products oftentimes present serious side effects when used for more than 5-6 days. Recently StemEnhance (SE), a novel mild BMDSC mobilizer, was described to increase the number of circulating stem cells by 25% within one hour after oral consumption. Many empirical reports have described the beneficial effect of SE on the outcome of various degenerative diseases, such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke, and various injuries.

No side effects have been reported by individuals having consumed SE daily for more than 3 years. Although an increase in the number of circulating stem cells has been linked to health benefits, it
remained to be demonstrated whether BMDSC mobilized by SE actually contribute to the regenerative process. We tested the effect of SEinduced BMDSC mobilization on the healing of cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury and also looked at the effect of SE on hematopoietic recovery after myeloablation.

Article is written by Team StemTech Health Sciences

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